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Ahvenalised (Perciformes)

Kõige suurem kalade ja selgroogsete selts, mis kuulub ahvenalaadsete (Percomorpha) ülemseltsi, kiiruimsete klassi. Ahvenaliste hulka kuulub 40% kõigist kaladest, kokku üle 10 000 liigi.

Seljauimi on enamasti 2 ja eesmine koosneb ogakiirtest; kõhuuimed, kui nad on olemas, asetsevad tavaliselt rinnauimede all või nendest eespool - kõril ning ei sisalda enamasti üle kuue kiire. Rinnauimede alused asetsevad kala pikitelje suhtes kaldu või perpendikulaarselt. Ogajad on ka pärakuuime esimesed uimekiired. Rasvauim puudub. Saagsoomused. Ujupõis ei ole ühendatud sooltoruga või puudub hoopis. Paarkümmend alamseltsi, suurimaks neist pärisahvenalised (Percoidei) ja umbes 160 sugukonda.

Taksonoomilistes jaotumistes on erinevusi ning need on jätkuvas täienemises ja muutumises. Allpool toodud alamsugukondadeks jaotumine on võetud üle Wikipedia inglisekeelsest artiklist Perciformes, kus see reprodutseerib ahvenaliste seltsi kujul nagu see on teoses Nelson J.S. Fishes of the World. 4th edition. — John Wiley & Sons. Hoboken, New Jersey, 2006. Alamseltside ja sugukondade eestikeelsed nimed on võetud teosest Loomade elu.

Ahvenaliste sugukonnad:

Alamselts Percoidei, pärisahvenlased

Ülemsugukond Percoidea

Acropomatidae (temperate ocean-basses), helendusahvenlased

Ambassidae (Asiatic glassfishes)

Apogonidae (cardinalfishes), kardinalahvenlased

Arripidae (Australasian salmon), arriplased

Badidae (chameleonfishes)

Banjosidae (banjofish)

Bathyclupeidae (deepsea herrings), ebaheeringlased

Bramidae (pomfrets), merilatiklased

Caesionidae (fusiliers)

Callanthiidae (splendid perches)

Carangidae (jacks, pompanos), hobumakrellased

Caristiidae (manefishes), lakkkalalased

Centracanthidae (picarels)

Centrarchidae (freshwater sunfishes), päikesekalalased

Centrogenyidae (false scorpionfishes)

Centropomidae (snooks), robalolased

Chaetodontidae (butterflyfishes), harjashammaslased

Coryphaenidae (dolphinfishes), kuldmakrelllased

Datnioididae (tigerfishes)

Dichistiidae (galjoen fishes)

Dinolestidae (long-finned pike)

Dinopercidae (cavebass)

Drepaneidae (sicklefishes)

Echeneidae (remoras), imikalalased

Emmelichthyidae (rovers), punasilmlased

Enoplosidae (old wife)

Epigonidae (deepwater cardinalfishes)

Gerreidae (mojarras)

Glaucosomatidae (pearl perches), pärlahvenlased

Grammatidae (basslets)

Haemulidae (grunts)

Howellidae (oceanic basslets)

Inermiidae (bonnetmouths)

Kuhliidae (flagtails), läikahvenlased

Kyphosidae (sea chubs)

Lactariidae (false trevallies), piimaahvenlased

Lateolabracidae (Asian seaperches)

Latidae (lates, barramundi, Nile perch)

Leiognathidae (ponyfishes), hõbekõhtlased

Leptobramidae (beachsalmon)

Lethrinidae (emperor breams), seaninalased

Lobotidae (tripletails), kolmsabalased

Lutjanidae (snappers), riffahvenlased

Malacanthidae (tilefishes)

Menidae (moonfish), menelased

Monodactylidae (moonyfishes), lehtuimlased

Moronidae (temperate basses), huntahvenlased

Mullidae (goatfishes), meripoisurlased

Nandidae (Asian leaffishes), nanduslased

Nematistiidae (roosterfish)

Nemipteridae (threadfin breams), niituimlased

Opistognathidae (jawfishes), suursuulased

Oplegnathidae (knifejaws), nokkhammaskalalased

Ostracoberycidae (shellskin alfonsinos)

Pempheridae (sweepers), suursilmkalalased

Pentacerotidae (armorheads), kultkalalased

Percichthyidae (temperate perches)

Percidae (perches and darters), ahvenlased

Plesiopidae (roundheads)

Polycentridae (leaffishes)

Polynemidae (threadfins)

Polyprionidae (wreckfishes), vrakkahvenlased

Pomacanthidae (marine angelfishes)

Pomatomidae (bluefish), sinikalalased

Priacanthidae (bigeyes), suursilmahvenlased

Pseudochromidae (dottybacks)

Rachycentridae (cobia), seersantkalalased

Sciaenidae (drums), kotkaskalalased

Scombropidae (gnomefish), ebasinikalalased

Serranidae (sea basses, groupers and relatives), kiviahvenlased

Sillaginidae (whitings and relatives), liivaahvenlased

Sparidae (sea breams and porgies), merikogerlased

Symphysanodontidae (slopefishes)

Terapontidae (grunters), tiigerahvenlased

Toxotidae (archerfishes), küttkalalased

Ülemsugukond Cirrhitoidea

Aplodactylidae (marblefishes)

Cheilodactylidae (morwongs), küüsuimlased

Chironemidae (kelpfishes)

Cirrhitidae (hawkfishes), käharuimlased

Latridae (trumpeters)

Ülemsugukond Cepoloidea

Cepolidae (bandfishes), paelkalalased

Alamselts Elassomatoidei

Elassomatidae (pygmy sunfishes)

Alamselts Labroidei, huulkalalised

Cichlidae (cichlids), kirevahvenlased

Embiotocidae (surfperches), murdluskalalased

Labridae (wrasses), huulkalalased

Odacidae (cales and weed whitings), lõunahuulkalalased

Pomacentridae (damselfishes), riffkalalased

Scaridae (parrotfishes), papagoikalalased

Alamselts Zoarcoidei, emakalalised

Anarhichadidae (wolffishes), merihuntlased

Bathymasteridae (ronquils), süvalohelased

Cryptacanthodidae (wrymouths), kõversuulased

Pholidae (gunnels), võikalalased

Ptilichthyidae (quillfish), sulgkalalased

Scytalinidae (graveldiver)

Stichaeidae (pricklebacks), ridakalalased

Zaproridae (prowfish)

Zoarcidae (eelpouts), emakalalased

Alamselts Notothenioidei, nototeenialised (vahel paigutatud pärisahvenlaste alamseltsi)

Artedidraconidae (barbeled plunderfishes)

Bathydraconidae (Antarctic dragonfishes), süvalameninalased

Bovichthyidae (thornfishes)

Channichthyidae (crocodile icefishes), jääkalalased

Eleginopsidae (Patagonian blennies)

Harpagiferidae (spiny plunderfishes), ogapealased

Nototheniidae (cod icefishes), nototeenialased

Pseudaphritidae (catadromous icefishes)

Alamselts Trachinoidei, merilohelised

Ammodytidae (sand lances), tobiaslased

Champsodontidae (crocodile toothfishes)

Cheimarrhichthyidae (torrent fish)

Chiasmodontidae (snaketooth fishes), õgijalased

Creediidae (sandburrowers)

Leptoscopidae (southern sandfishes)

Percophidae (duckbills)

Pholidichthyidae (convict blennies)

Pinguipedidae (sandperches)

Trachinidae (weeverfishes), merilohelased

Trichodontidae (sandfishes), juushammaslased

Trichonotidae (sanddivers)

Uranoscopidae (stargazers), tähetarkkalalased

Alamselts Blennioidei, limakalalised

Blenniidae (combtooth blennies), limakalalased

Chaenopsidae (pike-, tube- and flagblennies)

Clinidae (clinids), klinuskalalased

Dactyloscopidae (sand stargazers)

Labrisomidae (labrisomids)

Tripterygiidae (threefin blennies), kolmuimlased

Alamselts Icosteoidei, räbalkalalised

Icosteidae (ragfish), räbalkalalased

Alamselts Callionymoidei, lüürakalalised

Callionymidae (dragonets), lüürakalalased

Draconettidae (slope dragonets), dragonetlased

Alamselts Gobioidei, mudilalised

Eleotridae (sleepers), peitmudillased

Gobiidae (gobies), mudillased

Kraemeriidae (sand darters)

Microdesmidae (wormfishes), mikrodesmlased

Odontobutidae (freshwater sleepers)

Ptereleotridae (dartfishes)

Rhyacichthyidae (loach gobies), imirindlased

Schindleriidae (infantfishes), shindeerlased

Xenisthmidae (collared wrigglers)

Alamselts Kurtoidei, kurtuselised

Kurtidae (nurseryfishes), kurtuslased

Alamselts Acanthuroidei, kirurgkalalised

Acanthuridae (surgeonfishes), kirurgkalalased

Ephippidae (spadefishes), merilabidaslased

Luvaridae (louvar), luvarlased

Scatophagidae (scats), roojakalalased

Siganidae (rabbitfishes), küülikkalalased

Zanclidae (Moorish idol), viirkalalased

Alamselts Scombrolabracoidei

Scombrolabracidae (longfin escolar)

Alamselts Scombroidei, makrellilised

Sphyraenidae (barracudas), noolhauglased

Gempylidae (snake mackerels)

Trichiuridae (cutlassfishes), lintsabalased

Scombridae (mackerels and tunas), makrelllased

Xiphiidae (swordfish), mõõkkalalased

Istiophoridae (marlins), purikalalased

Alamselts Stromateoidei, stromateuselised

Amarsipidae (bagless glassfish), amarsiplased

Ariommatidae (ariommatids)

Centrolophidae (medusafishes), tsentrolooflased

Nomeidae (driftfishes), nomeuslased

Tetragonuridae (squaretails), aletlased

Stromateidae (butterfishes), stromateuslased

Alamselts Anabantoidei, ronikalalised

Anabantidae (climbing gouramies), ronikalalased

Osphronemidae (gouramies)

Helostomatidae (kissing gourami)

Alamselts Channoidei

Channidae (snakeheads), madupealased

Alamselts Caproidei

Caproidae (boarfishes)

Vaata lisaks:

Nototeenialased (Nototheniidae)
Makrelllased (Scombridae)
Päikesekalalased (Centrarchidae)
Merihuntlased (Anarhichadidae)
Merikogerlased (Sparidae)
Sinikala ehk lufaar (Pomatomus saltatrix)
Vrakkahvenlased (Polyprionidae)
Päikesekalalased (Centrarchidae)
Bass
Huntahvenlased (Moronidae)
Emakalalased (Zoarcidae)
kotkaskalalased ehk küürlased (Sciaenidae)
kiviahvenlased (Serranidae)
Kirevahvenlased (Cichlidae)
ahvenlased (Percidae)